Change Labels
Section Cuts
Mesh Areas
New Model (From Scratch, Not From Template)
Stress Contours For Shells
Click the File menu > New Model command to access the New Model form.
Verify that the units are set to 
.
Click on the Grid Only button 
to access the Quick Grid Lines form. In that form:
Select the Cartesian Tab.
In the Number of Grid Lines area
Type 2 in the X direction edit box.
Type 3 in the Y direction edit box.
Type 2 in the Z direction edit box.
In the Grid Spacing area
Type 240 in the X direction edit box.
Type 8 in the Y direction edit box.
Type 40 in the Z direction edit box.
Click the OK button.
Click the Define menu > Section Properties > Area Sections command to access the Area Sections form.
In the Select Section Type to Add drop-down list select the Shell option.
Click the Add New Section button to access the Shell Section Data form. In that form:
Type WEB in the Section Name edit box.
Verify that the Shell-Thin option is chosen in the Type area.
Click the + (plus) symbol beside the Material Name drop-down list to access the Define Material form.
Highlight the A992Fy50 definition in the Materials display list and click the Modify/Show Material button to access the Material Property Data form.
Set the Units to .
Verify that the Modulus of Elasticity is 29000.
Verify that the Poisson's Ratio is 0.3.
Click the OK buttons on the Material Property Data and Define Materials forms to exist those forms and return to the Shell Section Data form.
Select the A992Fy50 definition from the Material Name drop-down list.
Type .75 in both the Membrane and Bending edit boxes.
Click the OK button to return to the Area Sections form.
Click the Add New Section button to access the Shell Section Data form. In that form:
Type FLANGE in the Section Name edit box.
Verify that the Shell-Thin option is chosen in the Type area.
Select the A992Fy50 definition from the Material Name drop-down list.
Type 2 in both the Membrane and Bending edit boxes.
Click the OK buttons on the Shell Section Data and Area Sections form to exit all forms.
Click in the window entitled X-Y Plane @ Z=40 to make sure it is active. The window is highlighted when it is active. The screen appears as shown in Figure S-1.
Figure S-1 Screen After Step 7
Click the Draw Rectangular Area button 
or the Draw menu > Draw Rectangular Area command to access the Properties of Object form. In that form:
Select FLANGE from the Section drop-down list.
Click on the point labeled “A” and then the point labeled “B” in Figure S-1 to draw an area object.
Click the Set Select Mode button 
to exit the Draw mode and enter the Select mode.
Click on the area object to select it.
Click the Edit menu > Edit Areas > Divide Areas command to access the Divide Selected Areas form.
Fill in that form as shown in the figure and click the OK button.
Click the Select All button 
to select all objects.
Click the Edit menu > Replicate command to access the Replicate form. In that form:
Select the Linear tab.
Type -40 in the dz edit box in the Increments area.
Verify that the Number is set to 1 in the Increments Data area.
Click the OK button.
Click in the window entitled X-Y Plane @ Z=40 to make sure it is active. Do not accidentally select any objects while doing this.
Click the View menu > Set 2D View command to access the Set 2D View form. In that form:
Select the X-Z Plane option.
Type 8 in the Y= edit box.
Click the OK button. The screen appears as shown in Figure S-2.
Figure S-2: Screen After Step 17
Click the Draw Rectangular Area button or the Draw menu > Draw Rectangular Area command to access the Properties of Object form. In that form:
Select WEB from the Section drop-down list.
Click on the point labeled “A” and then the point labeled “B” in Figure S-2 to draw an area object.
Click the Set Select Mode button to exit Draw mode and enter Select mode.
Click on the area object just drawn to select it.
Click the Edit menu > Edit Areas > Divide Areas command to access the Divide Selected Areas form.
Fill in that form as shown in the figure and click the OK button.
Click in the window entitled 3-D View to make sure it is active.
Click the Edit menu > Change Labels command to access the Interactive Name Change form. In that form:
Select Element Labels – Area from the Item Type drop-down list.
Verify that 1 is entered in the Next Number edit box.
Verify that 1 is entered in the Increment edit box.
On the form, click the Edit menu > Auto Relable > All in List command to update the area object labels.
Select Element Labels – Joint from the Item Type drop-down list.
Verify that 1 is entered in the Next Number edit box.
Verify that 1 is entered in the Increment edit box.
Click the Edit menu > Auto Relable > All in List command to update the joint labels.
Click the OK button.
Note: It is not necessary to change labels for the joints and areas. However, we are doing it here to ensure that later in the solution when we refer to object labels, your labeling system is consistent with this example problem.
Click the Set Display Options button 
(or the View menu > Set Display Options command) to display the Display Options for Active Window form. In that form:
Check the Fill Objects box.
Click the OK button.
Click in the window entitled X-Z Plane @ Y=8 to make it active.
Click the Set Display Options button (or the View menu > Set Display Options command) to display the Display Options for Active Window form. In that form:
Check the Labels box in the Areas area.
Check the Fill Objects box.
Click the OK button.
Select area objects 65, 66, 67, 68, 85, 86, 87 and 88 by “windowing.”
Press the Delete key on the keyboard to delete these area objects.
Select area objects 73, 74, 75, 76, 93, 94, 95 and 96 by “windowing.”
Press the Delete key on the keyboard to delete these area objects.
Click in the window entitled X-Z Plane @ Y=8 to make sure it is active.
Click the Set Display Options button (or the View menu > Set Display Options command) to display the Display Options for Active Window form. In that form:
Check the Labels box in the Joints area.
Uncheck the Labels box in the Areas area.
Click the OK button.
Click on joint 22 (lower left-hand corner). Select 22 from the display area of the Selection List form.
Click the Assign menu > Joint > Restraints command to access the Joint Restraints form. In that form:
Verify that the Translation 1 and Translation 3 boxes are checked.
Uncheck the Translation 2 box.
Verify that the Rotation about 1, Rotation about 2 and Rotation about 3 boxes are not checked.
Click the OK button.
Click the Show Undeformed Shape button 
to remove the display of joint restraint assignment.
Click on joint 42 (lower right-hand corner). Select 42 from the display area of the Selection List form.
Click the Assign menu > Joint > Restraints command to access the Joint Restraints form. In that form:
Uncheck the Translation 1 box.
Verify that the Translation 2 box is not checked.
Verify that the Translation 3 box is checked.
Verify that the Rotation about 1, Rotation about 2 and Rotation about 3 boxes are not checked.
Click the OK button.
Click the Show Undeformed Shape button to remove the display of joint restraint assignment.
Click on joint 148 (upper left-hand corner); select 148 from the display area of the Selection List form. Click on joint 168 (right-hand corner); select 168 from the display area of the Selection List form.
Click the Assign menu > Joint Loads > Forces command to access the Joint Forces form. In that form:
Type -9 in the Force Global Z edit box in the Loads area.
Click the OK button.
Click the Show Undeformed Shape button to remove the display of joint load assignments.
Click the Select menu > Select > Labels command to access the Select by Labels form.
Verify that the Select option is active in the Selection Type area.
Select Joint from the Object Type drop-down list.
Choose the Select Multiple Objects from List option and then scroll down the list of Joint IDs and click on 149. While holding down the Shift key, scroll down and click on 167.
Click the Select Specified Items button. All joints between 149 and 167 will be selected.
Click the OK button to close the Select by Labels form.
Click the Assign menu > Joint Loads > Forces command to access the Joint Forces form. In that form:
Type -18 in the Force Global Z edit box in the Loads area.
Click the OK button.
Click the Show Undeformed Shape button to remove the display of joint load assignments.
Click in the window entitled X-Z Plane @ Y=8 to make sure it is active.
Click the View menu > Set Limits command to access the Set Limits form. In that form:
Select the XZ option in the Choose Plane area.
In the Set X Axis Limits area type 108 in the Min edit box.
In the Set X Axis Limits area type 120 in the Max edit box.
Click the OK button.
Click the Perspective Toggle button 
. A perspective view of the X-Z elevation is displayed.
Click the Rubber Band Zoom button 
and zoom in on the view by “drawing” a window tightly around it.
Select all of the joints on the right side of the section by “windowing.”
Click the Select using Intersecting Line button 
and select all of the area objects by “drawing” a line through them. There should now be 9 joints and 8 areas selected. The left-hand side of the status bar at the bottom of the SAP2000 window will display the number of objects selected.
Click the Assign menu > Assign to Group command to access the Assign/Define Group Names form. In that form:
Click the Add New Group button to access the Group Definition form. In that form:
Type CENTER in the Group Name edit box.
Click the OK buttons on the Group Definition and Assign/Define Group Names forms to exit all forms.
Click the Show Undeformed Shape button to reset the limits of the display.
Click the View menu > Refresh View command to rescale the view.
Click the View menu > Set Limits command to access the Set Limits form. In that form:
In the Set X Axis Limits area, type 60 in the Min edit box.
In the Set X Axis Limits area, type 72 in the Max edit box.
Click the OK button.
Click the Rubber Band Zoom button and zoom in on the view by “drawing” a window tightly around it.
Select all of the joints on the right side of the section by “windowing.”
Click the Select using Intersecting Line button and select all of the area objects by “drawing” a line through them. There should now be 8 joints and 6 areas selected. The left-hand side of the status bar at the bottom of the SAP2000 window will display the number of objects selected.
Click the Assign menu > Assign to Group command to access the Assign/Define Group Names form. In that form:
Click the Add New Group button to access the Group Definition form. In that form:
Type LEFT in the Group Name edit box.
Click the OK buttons Group Definition and Assign/Define Group Names forms to exit all forms.
Select all of the joints on the right side of the top half of the section by “windowing.”
Click the Select using Intersecting Line button and select all of the area objects in the top half by “drawing” a line through them. There should now be 4 joints and 3 areas selected. The left-hand side of the status bar at the bottom of the SAP2000 window will display the number of objects selected.
Click the Assign menu > Assign to Group command to access the Assign/Define Group Names form. In that form:
Click the Add New Group button to access the Group Definition form. In that form:
Type LEFTTOP in the Group Name edit box.
Click the OK buttons on the Group Definition and Assign/Define Group Names forms to exit all forms.
Select all of the joints on the right side of the bottom half of the section by “windowing.”
Click the Select using Intersecting Line button and select all of the area objects in the bottom half by “drawing” a line through them. There should now be 4 joints and 3 areas selected. The left-hand side of the status bar at the bottom of the SAP2000 window will display the number of objects selected.
Click the Assign menu > Assign to Group command to access the Assign/Define Group Names form. In that form:
Click the Add New Group button to access the Group Definition form. In that form:
Type LEFTBOT in the Group Name edit box.
Click the OK buttons on the Group Definition and Assign/Define Group Names forms to exit all forms.
Click the Show Undeformed Shape button to reset the limits of the display.
Click the View menu > Refresh View command to rescale the view.
Click the Set Display Options button (or the View menu > Set Display Options command) to access the Display Options for Active Window form. In that form:
Uncheck the Labels box in the Joints area.
Click the OK button.
Click on the XZ View button 
to return from the perspective view to a 2-D view. Note the title of the window is X-Z Plane @ Y=8.
Click the “X” in the upper right-hand corner of the 3-D View window to close it.
Click the Define menu > Section Cuts command to access the Section Cuts form. In that form:
Click the Add Section Cut button to access the Section Cut Data form. In that form:
Type CENTER in the Section Cut Name edit box.
Select CENTER from the Group drop-down list.
Click the OK button to return to the Section Cuts form.
Click the Add Section Cut button to access the Section Cut Data form.
Type LEFT in the Section Cut Name edit box.
Select LEFT from the Group drop-down list.
Click the OK button to return to the Section Cuts form.
Click the Add Section Cut button to access the Section Cut Data form.
Type LEFTBOT in the Section Cut Name edit box.
Select LEFTBOT from the Group drop-down list.
Click the OK button to return to the Section Cuts form.
Click the Add Section Cut button to access the Section Cut Data form. In that form:
Type LEFTTOP in the Section Cut Name edit box.
Select LEFTTOP from the Group drop-down list.
Click the OK buttons on the Section Cut Data and Section Cuts forms to exit all forms.
Click the Analyze menu > Set Analysis Options command to access the Analysis Options form. In that form click the Plane Frame XZ Plane button 
to set the available degrees of freedom.
Click the OK button.
Click the Run Analysis button 
to access the Set Load Cases to Run form. In that form:
Click on MODAL in the Load Case Name list to highlight it.
Click the Run/Do Not Run Case button.
Click the Run Now button.
When the analysis is complete, check the messages in the SAP Analysis Monitor window (there should be no warnings or errors) and then click the OK button to close the window.
Click the Display menu > Show Tables command to access the Choose Tables for Display form. In that form:
In the Analysis Results area, click the + (plus) associated with the Structure Output item to display the Other Output Items.
Click the + (plus) associated with the Other Output Items to display the Table: Section Cut Forces item.
Click on the Table: Section Cut Forces item to select it.
Click the OK button to display the Section Cut Forces table.
When finished viewing the table, click the Done button to close it.
Click the Display menu > Show Forces/Stresses > Shells command to access the Member Force Diagram form. In that form:
Select the Shell Stresses option in the Component Type area.
In the Component area, select the S12 option.
In the Stress Averaging area, verify that the at All Joints option is selected.
Check the Show Deformed Shape check box.
Click the OK button to display the shell stresses. The screen should look similar to that in Figure S-3.
Figure S-3: Shell Stresses